|
(詳細はSovnarkom, written as a decree-appeal. The decree was published in February 1918 due to the German advances at the front lines that started on February 18, 1918, as a result of stagnation at the Brest-Litovsk peace talks (see Treaty of Brest-Litovsk). It was claimed in Soviet times that the decree was written by the chairman of Sovnarkom, Lenin, adopted on February 21 and published on February 22, 1918.〔(Socialist Homeland is in Danger! ). Great Soviet Encyclopedia〕 But modern scholars give authorship of the decree to Leon Trotsky.〔(Handbook "Political parties of Russia" ); Stadnik,I. ''Who wrote the decree of Vladimir Illich''. "Moscow News". March 3, 1991; Honcharov, S. ''To issue on the Sovnarkom decree's authorship "Socialist Homeland is in Danger!" (1918)'' "Issues on history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union". 1991〕 Trotsky also claimed that it was he who wrote the draft to decree.〔(Trotsky, L., ''Around October (recollections 1924)'' )〕 ==Description== In his decree, Lenin requested "Soviets and revolutionary organizations" to "protect each position to their last drop of blood" and destroy food stocks that could end up in "enemy hands". Railway workers were instructed to divert to the east of the country the rolling stock, during the retreat to destroy the tracks and railway buildings. Also, a mobilization of workers and peasants was declared to dig trenches.〔(Cherepanov, A. ''Near Pskov and Narva''. ) "Military Literature (Military history)".〕 Article 7 of the decree ordered to close "... publications opposing the cause of revolutionary defense and siding with the German bourgeoisie as well as seeking to exploit the invasion of imperialist hordes in order to overthrow the Soviet regime... labor ready editors and staff of these publications are mobilized to dig trenches and other defensive works". Based on the decree, the Bolsheviks' appointed Commander-in-Chief Nikolai Krylenko signed the order about "revolutionary mobilization" on February 21, 1918. Richard Pipes in his work "The Bolsheviks in the struggle for power" draws attention to the last bullets of the decree. Article 6 included the mobilization to dig trenches, "under the supervision of the Red Guards", "all labor ready members of the bourgeois class, men and women", in fear of being shot. According to the researcher, "from here derived the practice of forced labor, which has since been applied to millions of citizens of the country." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Socialist Homeland is in Danger!」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|